Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins located in the lower part of the rectum and anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Piles occur when increased pressure causes the veins to swell, often due to factors like straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, or prolonged sitting.

Symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort, especially during bowel movements.
• Bleeding (bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool).
• Itching or irritation around the anus.
• Swelling or lumps near the anus (external piles).
• Mucus discharge and a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation.

Causes:

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea: Leading to frequent straining.
• Pregnancy: Increased pressure from the growing uterus.
• Obesity: Additional pressure on the rectal area.
• Aging: As tissues weaken and lose elasticity.
• Sitting for long periods: Especially on the toilet.

Treatment:

• Home remedies: Warm baths, topical creams, and cold compresses for relief.
• Dietary changes: High-fiber foods and plenty of fluids to avoid constipation.
• Over-the-counter medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory creams.
• Medical procedures: For severe cases, treatments like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgery may be necessary.

Piles are common, but with proper care, they can often be managed or treated effectively.